Understanding Root Canals | CDI Ohio | Cleveland Dental Institute

The simple words ‘root canal’ often spikes fear in the minds of many. In our “understanding root canals” feature, we’ll learn what they are, why they’re needed, how they’re done, and what is true versus what is stigma.

What is a Root Canal?

A root canal is a dental procedure designed to treat infection or damage within the pulp (inner tissue) of a tooth. The pulp contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues that can become inflamed or infected due to deep decay, repeated dental procedures, cracks, or trauma. A root canal involves removing the infected pulp, disinfecting the inside of the tooth, and sealing it to prevent further infection.

Why Are Root Canals Needed?

Root canals are necessary when a tooth’s pulp becomes severely inflamed or infected. If left untreated, the infection can spread to surrounding tissues, leading to abscess formation, bone loss, and even systemic infections. Symptoms indicating a potential need for a root canal include:

Severe tooth pain, especially when chewing
Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
Swelling or tenderness in the gums
Darkening of the affected tooth
Presence of pus or an abscess around the tooth

Without a root canal, the only alternative is usually tooth extraction, which can lead to further dental complications such as shifting teeth, bite issues, and the need for costly restorations like dental implants or bridges.

Understanding Root Canals: The Procedure

A root canal is typically performed by a general dentist or an endodontist, a specialist in treating tooth pulp and nerves. The procedure involves the following steps:

Diagnosis and Anesthesia: The dentist takes X-rays to assess the damage and numbs the area using local anesthesia.
Pulp Removal: A small opening is made in the tooth, and the infected pulp is carefully removed.
Cleaning and Disinfection: The root canals inside the tooth are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to eliminate bacteria.
Filling and Sealing: The empty canals are filled with a biocompatible material (usually gutta-percha) and sealed with a temporary or permanent filling.
Restoration: In most cases, a crown is placed over the treated tooth to restore its strength and function.

The entire procedure usually takes one or two visits, depending on the severity of the infection and the complexity of the case.

1,000,000
It’s estimated a million teeth are saved each year by root canals.

Understanding Root Canals: Recovery and Aftercare

After a root canal, mild discomfort or sensitivity is common for a few days, which can be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen. Post-procedure care includes:

Avoiding hard or chewy foods until full recovery
Maintaining proper oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly
Attending follow-up visits to ensure proper healing
Getting a permanent restoration (crown) if recommended

Most patients can return to their normal activities the same day, though some may experience slight soreness for a short period.

Understanding Root Canals: Common Stigmas and Misconceptions

Root canals have an undeserved reputation for being extremely painful and unnecessary, largely due to outdated perceptions. Some common misconceptions include:

“Root canals are extremely painful.” In reality, modern techniques and anesthesia make root canals no more painful than a routine filling.
“Tooth extraction is a better option.” While extraction may seem like an easier choice, saving the natural tooth through a root canal is usually preferable for long-term oral health.
“Root canals cause illness.” This myth originates from outdated and disproven theories. Root canals eliminate infection rather than causing systemic health issues.

Conclusion

A root canal is a safe and effective procedure for saving an infected tooth and preventing further complications. Advances in dental technology have made the treatment much more comfortable and efficient. While stigmas still persist, proper education and awareness can help patients make informed decisions about their dental health. If you experience symptoms of a tooth infection, seeking prompt dental care can prevent unnecessary pain and tooth loss.